Skip to main content

Alan Forrest, Karen Hagemann and Jane Rendall (editors)

SOLDIERS, CITIZENS AND CIVILIANS
Experiences and Perceptions of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, 1790-1820

2009

The Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars affected millions of people’s lives across Europe and beyond. Yet the extent to which the constant warfare of the period 1792-1815 shaped everyday experience has been little studied. This volume of essays discusses the formative experience of these wars for men and women, as soldiers, citizens and civilians.

Publisher information

 


Alan Forrest and Peter H. Wilson (editors)

THE BEE AND THE EAGLE
Napoleonic France and the End of the Holy Roman Empire, 1806

2009

This volume’s juxtaposition of the empires of Germany and France in 1806, at the dissolution of The Holy Roman Empire, allows a comparison of their transition towards modernity, explored through the themes of Empire, monarchy, political cultures, feudalism, war and military institutions, nationalism and identity, and everyday experience.

Publisher information

 

 


Richard Bessel, Nicholas Guyatt and Jane Rendall (editors)

WAR, EMPIRE AND SLAVERY, 1770-1830

2009

The imperial warfare of the period 1770-1830, including the American wars of independence and the Napoleonic wars, affected every continent. Covering southern India, the Caribbean, North and South America, and southern Africa, this volume explores the impact of revolutionary wars and how people’s identities were shaped by their experiences.

Publisher information

 

 

 


Karen Hagemann, Gisela Mettele and Jane Rendall (editors)

GENDER, WAR AND POLITICS
Transatlantic Perspectives, 1775-1830

2010

This volume addresses war, developing political and national identities and the changing gender regimes of Europe and the Americas between 1775 and 1830. Military and civilian experiences of war and revolution, in free and slave societies, both reflected and shaped gender concepts and practices, in relation to class, ethnicity, race and religion.

Publisher information

 

 


Marie-Cécile Thoral

FROM VALMY TO WATERLOO
France at War, 1792-1815

2011

Drawing on a wide range of primary sources, this book investigates the everyday human experience of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars by French military and civilians, the impact of these wars on the French nation and society, and the rise of a new kind of war in the West at the turn of the nineteenth century.

Publisher information

 

 


Christine Wright

WELLINGTON’S MEN IN AUSTRALIA
Peninsular War Veterans and the Making of Empire c.1820-40

2011

An exploration of the little-known yet historically important emigration of British army officers to the Australian colonies in the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars. The book looks at the significant impact they made at a time of great colonial expansion, particularly in new south Wales with its transition from a convict colony to a free society.

Publisher information

 

 


Kevin Linch

BRITAIN AND WELLINGTON’S ARMY
Recruitment, Society and Tradition, 1807-15

2011

Britain was France’s most implacable enemy during the Napoleonic Wars yet was able to resist the need for conscription to fill the ranks of its army and sustain Wellington’s campaigns in Portugal and Spain. This new study explains how the men were found to replenish Wellington’s army, and the consequences on Britain’s government, army and society.

Publisher information

 

 

 


Eveline G. Bouwers

PUBLIC PANTHEONS IN REVOLUTIONARY EUROPE
Comparing Cultures of Remembrance, c. 1790-1840

2012

The story of how the concept of a pantheon, a building honouring great individuals, spread across Revolutionary Europe and interacted with socio-political and cultural changes. Analysing the canon and iconography of each pantheon, Bouwers shows how the commemoration of war and celebration of nationhood gave way to the protection of elite interests.

Publisher information

 

 


Alan Forrest, Étienne François and Karen Hagemann (editors)

WAR MEMORIES
The Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars in Modern European Culture

2012

The Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars had an enduring influence on the collective memory of all European nations and regions, and have given them an international dimension. These essays look at how the French Wars were remembered in personal diaries, paintings and literature, allowing a comparative analysis with atransnational perspective.

Publisher information

 

 


Michael Broers, Peter Hicks and Agustín Guimerá (editors)

THE NAPOLEONIC EMPIRE AND THE NEW EUROPEAN POLITICAL CULTURE

2012

Napoleon’s conquests were spectacular, but behind his wars, is an enduring legacy. A new generation of historians have re-evaluated the Napoleonic era and found that his real achievement was the creation of modern Europe as we know it.

Publisher information

 

 


Ralph Kingston

BUREAUCRATS AND BOURGEOIS SOCIETY
Office Politics and Individual Credit in France 1789-1848

2012

Between 1789 and 1848, clerks modified their occupational practices, responding to political scrutiny and state-administration reforms. Ralph Kingston examines the lives and influence of bureaucrats inside and outside the office as they helped define nineteenth-century bourgeois social capital, ideals of emulation, honour, and masculinity.

Publisher information

 

 


Catriona Kennedy and Matthew McCormack (editors)

SOLDIERING IN BRITAIN AND IRELAND, 1750-1850
Men of Arms

2013

This collection examines soldiers as combatants, tourists, family men and as citizens. In particular, chapters trace the theme of the ‘citizen soldier’ through the initiatives of the period that placed civilian men under arms. In these ways and more, this new book explores ‘soldiering’ as an activity, an identity, a career and a way of life.

Publisher information

 

 


Mark Wishon

GERMAN FORCES AND THE BRITISH ARMY
Interactions and Perceptions, 1742-1815

2013

This book examines the partnerships between Britain’s famed redcoats and the foreign corps that were a consistent and valuable part of Britain’s military endeavors in the eighteenth century. While most histories have portrayed these associations as fraught with discord, a study of eyewitness accounts tells a different story.

Publisher information

 


Gavin Daly

THE BRITISH SOLDIER IN THE PENINSULAR WAR
Encounters with Spain and Portugal, 1808-1814

2013

Combining military and cultural history, the book explores British soldiers’ travels and cross-cultural encounters in Spain and Portugal, 1808-1814. It is the story of how soldiers interacted with the local environment and culture, of their attitudes and behaviour towards the inhabitants, and how they wrote about all this in letters and memoirs.

Publisher information

 

 


Catriona Kennedy

NARRATIVES OF THE REVOLUTIONARY AND NAPOLEONIC WARS
Military and Civilian Experience in Britain and Ireland

2013

The volume explores how the Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars were experienced, perceived and narrated by contemporaries in Britain and Ireland, drawing on an extensive range of personal testimonies by soldiers, sailors and civilians to shed new light on the social and cultural history of the period and the history of warfare more broadly.

Publisher information

 


Pierre Serna, Antonino De Francesco and Judith A. Miller (editors)

REPUBLICS AT WAR, 1776-1840
Revolutions, Conflicts, and Geopolitics in Europe and the Atlantic World

2013

This collection probes the troubling connections between war and republic during Revolutionary era, 1776-1840. It presents the work of an international team of scholars, some of them in English for the first time.

Publisher information

 

 

 


Leighton S. James

WITNESSING THE REVOLUTIONARY AND NAPOLEONIC WARS IN GERMAN CENTRAL EUROPE

2013

Drawing on a wide range of primary sources, this volume argues that although the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars are often understood as laying the foundations for total war, many eyewitnesses continued to draw upon older interpretative frameworks to make sense of the armed struggle and attendant political and social upheaval.

Publisher information

 

 


Rasmus Glenthøj and Morten Nordhagen Ottosen

EXPERIENCES OF WAR AND NATIONALITY IN DENMARK AND NORWAY, 1807-1815

2014

This book explores the impact of the Napoleonic wars on Danish-Norwegian society and accounts for war experiences and the transformation of identities among the popular classes and educated élites alike.

Publisher information

 

 


Mark Lawrence

SPAIN’S FIRST CARLIST WAR, 1833-40

2014

Spain’s First Carlist War was an unlikely agent of modernity. It pitted town against country, subalterns against elites, and Europe’s Liberal powers against Absolute Monarchies. This book traces the individual, collective and international experience of this conflict, giving equal attention to battle fronts and home fronts.

Publisher information

 

 

 


Katherine B. Aaslestad and Johan Joor (editors)

REVISITING NAPOLEON’S CONTINENTAL SYSTEM
Local, Regional and European Experiences

2015

Economic warfare during the Napoleonic era transformed international commerce; redirecting trade and generating illicit commerce. This volume re-evaluates the Continental System through urban and regional case studies that analyze the power triangle of the French, British and neutral powers and their strategies to adapt to trade restrictions.

Publisher information

 


Charles Esdaile and Philip Freeman

BURGOS IN THE PENINSULAR WAR, 1808-1814
Occupation, Siege, Aftermath

2015

For a full month in the autumn of 1812 the 2,000-strong garrison of the fortress the French had constructed to overawe the city of Burgos defied the Duke of Wellington. In this work a leading historian of the Peninsular teams up with a leading conflict archaeologist to examine the reasons for Wellington’s failure.

Publisher information

 


Julia Osman

CITIZEN SOLDIERS AND THE KEY TO THE BASTILLE

2015

Showcasing French participation in the Seven Years’ War and the American Revolution, this book shows the French army at the heart of revolutionary, social, and cultural change. Osman argues that efforts to transform the French army into a citizen army before 1789 prompted and helped shape the French Revolution.

Publisher information

 

 


John Richard Moores

REPRESENTATIONS OF FRANCE IN ENGLISH SATIRICAL PRINTS, 1740-1832

2015

Between 1740 and 1832, England witnessed what has been called its ‘golden age of caricature’, coinciding with intense rivalry and with war with France. This book shows how Georgian satirical prints reveal attitudes towards the French ‘Other’ that were far more complex, ambivalent, empathetic and multifaceted than has previously been recognised.

Publisher information

 

 


Marion F. Godfroy

KOUROU AND THE STRUGGLE FOR A FRENCH AMERICA

2015

Kourou was to be a wonderful revenge, a French colony in America after the Seven Years War in 1763. However, the fantastic ideal became a grand failure and political disaster, marking the end of the French attempts for an American colony.

Publisher information

 

 


Janet M. Hartley, Paul Keenan and Dominic Lieven (editors)

RUSSIA AND THE NAPOLEONIC WARS

2015

Russia played a fundamental role in the outcome of Napoleonic Wars; the wars also had an impact on almost every area of Russian life. Russia and the Napoleonic Wars brings together significant and new research from Russian and non-Russian historians and their work demonstrates the importance of this period both for Russia and for all of Europe.

Publisher information

 

 


Oskar Cox Jensen

NAPOLEON AND BRITISH SONG, 1797-1822

2015

This study offers a radical reassessment of a crucial period of political and cultural history. By looking at some 400 songs, many of which are made available to hear, and at their writers, singers, and audiences, it questions both our relationship with song, and ordinary Britons’ relationship with Napoleon, the war, and the idea of Britain itself.

Publisher information

 

 


Ute Planert (editor)

NAPOLEON’S EMPIRE
European Politics in Global Perspective

2016

The Napoleonic Empire played a crucial role in reshaping global landscapes and in realigning international power structures on a worldwide scale. When Napoleon died, the map of many areas had completely changed, making room for Russia’s ascendency and Britain’s rise to world power.

Publisher information

 


Alan Forrest, Karen Hagemann and Michael Rowe (editors)

WAR, DEMOBILIZATION AND MEMORY
The Legacy of War in the Era of Atlantic Revolutions

2016

This volume examines the impact of the wars in the Atlantic world between 1770 and 1830, focusing both on the military, economic, political, social and cultural demobilization that occurred immediately at their end, and their long-term legacy and memory.

Publisher information

 

 


Sharon Murphy

THE BRITISH SOLDIER AND HIS LIBRARIES, c. 1822-1901

2016

This volume considers the history of the libraries that the East India Company and Regular Army respectively established for soldiers during the nineteenth century. Drawing upon a wide range of material, including archival sources, official reports, and soldiers’ memoirs and letters, the book explores the motivations of those who were responsible for the setting up and/or operation of the libraries, and examines what they reveal about attitudes to military readers in particular and, more broadly, to working-class readers – and leisure – at this period.

Publisher information


Richard Hall

ATLANTIC POLITICS, MILITARY STRATEGY AND THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR

2016

1755 marked the point at which events in America ceased to be considered subsidiary affairs in the great international rivalry that existed between the colonial powers of Great Britain and France. This book examines the British Campaign of 1755 that aimed to drive the French from all of the contested regions they occupied in North America and argues that British defeat should be viewed as one that ultimately embodied military, political and diplomatic divergences and weaknesses within the British Atlantic World of the eighteenth century.
Publisher information


Valerie Mainz

DAYS OF GLORY?
Imaging Military Recruitment and the French Revolution

2016

The book examines a range of visual images of military recruitment to explore changing notions of glory, or of gloire, during the French Revolution. It raises questions about how this event re-orientated notions of ‘citizenship’ and of service to ‘la Patrie’.

Publisher information

 


Joshua Meeks

FRANCE, BRITAIN, AND THE STRUGGLE FOR THE REVOLUTIONARY WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN

2017

This book investigates the conflict over control over the Western Mediterranean in the late eighteenth-century. Rather than looking at the struggle between ideologies, this book looks at the struggle within those ideologies, arguing that the Western Mediterranean states were not simply the battlefields or the prizes of the struggle, but were active participants with goals of autonomy or neutrality.

Publisher information


Graeme Callister

WAR, PUBLIC OPINION AND POLICY IN BRITAIN, FRANCE AND THE NETHERLANDS, 1785-1815

2017

This book offers a detailed investigation of the influence of public opinion and national identity on the foreign policies of France, Britain and the Netherlands in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. By investigating the ideas and impulses behind foreign policy in a comparative context across , this book offers new insights into the importance of public opinion and national identities to international relations at the end of the long eighteenth century.

Publisher information


Juliette Reboul

FRENCH EMIGRATION TO GREAT BRITAIN IN RESPONSE TO THE FRENCH REVOLUTION

2017

This book examines diverse encounters between the British community and the thousands of French individuals who sought haven in the British Isles as they left revolutionary and Imperial France. It questions the construction by British loyalists and French émigré elites of a stereotyped emigrant figure. Ultimately, this book narrates a story in which the emigrant community and its host have been often unnoticeably yet fundamentally transformed by their encounter, in both practical and ideological domains.

Publisher information

 


Bryan A. Banks and Erica Johnson

THE FRENCH REVOLUTION AND RELIGION IN GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE
Freedom and Faith

2017

This volume examines the French Revolution’s relationship with and impact on religious communities and religion in a transnational perspective. It challenges the traditional secular narrative of the French Revolution, exploring religious experience and representation during the Revolution, as well as the religious legacies that spanned from the eighteenth century to the present. Contributors explore the myriad ways that individuals, communities, and nation-states reshaped religion.

Publisher information


George Hay

THE YEOMANRY CAVALRY AND MILITARY IDENTITIES IN RURAL BRITAIN, 1815–1914

2017

This volume is the first study of the development of the British Yeomanry Cavalry during the nineteenth century. It explores the Yeomanry’s composition and place within British society, its controversial role in policing, and its unique contribution to the war in South Africa. Overturning or challenging many enduring myths, this book breaks new ground not just in our understanding of the Yeomanry.

Publisher information


Lindsay Porter

POPULAR RUMOUR IN REVOLUTIONARY PARIS, 1792-1794

2017

This book examines the impact of rumour during the French Revolution, offering a new approach to understanding the experiences of those who lived through it. Focusing on Paris during the most radical years of the Jacobin republic, it argues that popular rumour helped to shape perceptions of the Revolution and provided communities with a framework with which to interpret an unstable world.

Publisher information

 


Stewart McCain

THE LANGUAGE QUESTION UNDER NAPOLEON

2018

This book offers a new perspective on the cultural politics of the Napoleonic Empire by exploring the issue of language within four pivotal institutions: the school, the army, the courtroom and the church. Based on wide-ranging research in archival and published sources, it demonstrates that the Napoleonic state was in reality fractured by disagreements over how best to govern a population characterized by enormous linguistic diversity.

Publisher information

 


Joseph Clarke and John Horne (editors)

MILITARIZED CULTURAL ENCOUNTERS IN THE LONG NINETEENTH CENTURY

2018

This volume explores European soldiers’ encounters with their continent’s exotic frontiers from the French Revolution to the First World War. In numerous military expeditions to Italy, Spain, Russia, Greece and the ‘Levant’ they found wild landscapes and strange societies inhabited by peoples who needed to be ‘civilized.’ Yet often they also discovered founding sites of Europe’s own ‘civilization’ (Rome, Jerusalem) or decaying reminders of ancient grandeur.

Publisher information


Katherine Astbury and Mark Philip (editors)

NAPOLEON’S HUNDRED DAYS AND THE POLITICS OF LEGITIMACY

2018

The volume examines the politics of legitimacy as they played out across Europe in response to Napoleon’s dramatic return to power in France after his exile to Elba in 1814. The contributors to this volume explore how, for both sides, cultural politics became central in supporting or challenging the legitimacy of these political orders in the path to Waterloo.

Publisher information

 


AnnSara Hammar, Jakob Seerup and Evan Wilson (editors)

EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY NAVAL OFFICERS

2019

This volume surveys the lives and careers of naval officers across Europe at the height of the age of sail. It traces the professionalization of naval officers by exploring their preparation for life at sea and the challenges they faced while in command. It also demonstrates the uniqueness of the maritime experience, as long voyages and isolation at sea cemented their bond with naval officers across Europe while separating them from landlubbers.

Publisher information


Philip Laure and Juliette Reboul (editors)

FRENCH EMIGRANTS IN REVOLUTIONISED EUROPE

2019

The French emigration was an exilic movement triggered by the 1789 French Revolution with long-lasting social, cultural, and political impacts that continued well into the nineteenth century. At times paradoxical, the political and legal implications of being an émigré are detangled in this edited collection, thus bringing to light unexpected processes of tensions and compromises between the exiles and their host societies. The refugee/host contact points also fostered a series of cultural transfers.

Publisher information


Haroldo Guízar

THE ÉCOLE ROYALE MILITAIRE

2020

This book explores the Paris Ecole Militaire as an institution, arguing for its importance as a school that presented itself as a model for reform during a key moment in the movement towards military professionalism as well as state-run secular education. The school is distinguished for being an Enlightenment project, one of its founders publishing an article on it in the Encyclopédie in 1755. Its curriculum broke completely with the Latin pedagogy of the dominant Jesuit system, while adapting the legacy of seventeenth-century riding academies.

Publisher information


Martijn van der Burg

NAPOLEONIC GOVERNANCE IN THE NETHERLANDS AND NORTHWEST GERMANY
Conquest, Incorporation, and Integration

2021

This innovative transregional study of Napoleonic governance explores the often-overlooked northern periphery of the Napoleonic Empire. The book carefully examines the Empire’s administrative structure in the north, focusing on the heterogeneous community of prefects and subprefects as ‘tools of incorporation’, binding the regions to the central state. study highlights the incomplete integration of the north and makes important contributions to our understanding of the Empire and its legacy of state building.

Publisher information


Marcus Ackroyd

THE FRENCH DEBATE
Constitution and Revolution, 1795–1800

2022

This book explores the creation and career of the French Constitution of 1795, operative from the start of the Directory until Napoleon’s takeover in 1799. It explores the composition, history and replacement of the French Revolution’s third Constitution through a focus on the speeches and writings of four sets of political voices discernible in late 1790s France. It reveals the intensity and breadth of the debates generated by the permanent tension between the Constitution and the many ongoing conflicts of the Revolution.

Publisher information


Doina Pasca Harsanyi

FRENCH RULE IN THE STATES OF PARMA, 1796-1814
Working with Napoleon

2022

This study of the lands of the Duchy of Parma in the Napoleonic era describes the evolution of a system that was vicious, grasping, capricious and always underpinned by the French occupiers’ conviction of their own cultural superiority, which could legitimate pretty much anything from the systematic theft of art to the imposition of conscription. It reveals a story of the pragmatic collaboration of local élites, based on career and stability rather than affection or ideology, who were skilled at tweaking French directives to their own ends.

Publisher information


Tamar Sarfatti

THE DESCRIPTION OF EGYPT  FROM NAPOLEON TO CHAMPOLLION

2023

This innovative transregional study of Napoleonic governance explores the often-overlooked northern periphery of the Napoleonic Empire. The book carefully examines the Empire’s administrative structure in the north, focusing on the heterogeneous community of prefects and subprefects as ‘tools of incorporation’, binding the regions to the central state. study highlights the incomplete integration of the north and makes important contributions to our understanding of the Empire and its legacy of state building.

Publisher information


Antoine Renglet

POLICING CITIES IN NAPOLEONIC EUROPE

2023

This book shows how the police functioned in the cities of the Napoleonic Empire. Shifting attention away from political repression, it focuses on the men who embodied this institution and made it work day-to-day. The book shows how the Napoleonic police were indeed an instrument of power, but also a profession and a service to the public. The Napoleonic police, when studied from the local level, reveals itself to be much more complex and oriented simultaneously towards both the preservation of the regime and maintaining good urban order.

Publisher information


Thomas Dodman and Aurélien Lignereux

FROM THE NAPOLEONIC EMPIRE TO THE AGE OF EMPIRE
Empire after the Emperor

2023

The book explores imperial entanglements to reassess the Napoleonic Empire as a missing link—or at least an important chain—in the global and longue durée history of Empires. In recent years Napoleonic studies have vastly expanding the field’s geographical scope. What connects, and what doesn’t connect, the Napoleonic Empire to the Age of Empire, remains by and large an open question. This book attempts to locate the Napoleonic empire in World History.

Publisher information


Andoni Artola and Álvaro París (editors)

ROYALISM, WAR AND POPULAR POLITICS IN THE AGE OF REVOLUTIONS, 1780s-1870s
In the Name of the King

2023

This book offers a ground-breaking approach to royalism and popular politics in Europe and the Americas during the Age of Revolutions. It shows how royalist and counterrevolutionary movements did not propose a mere return to the past, but rather introduced an innovative way of addressing the demands and expectations of various social groups. Ordinary people were involved in the war and adapted the traditional imaginary of the monarchy to craft new models of political participation. This edited collection brings together scholars from France, Spain, Norway, and Mexico, to provide a transatlantic comparative perspective. It is a must-read for scholars and students looking to discover the lesser-known side of the Age of Revolutions, and the motivations of those who fought in the name of the king.

Publisher information

 

Rasmus Glentjhøj and Morten Nordhagen

SCANDINAVIA AFTER NAPOLEON

The Genesis of Scandinavianism

2024

This first volume of a series of two provides the first comprehensive transnational study of post-Napoleonic Scandinavian history in English. It explores Scandinavianist ideology in relation to  the nationalism developing elsewhere in Europe in this time period and suggests the  concept of ‘realist nationalism” to describe the  the particularity of the nationalist ideology that was developed in  Scandinavia. Furthermore, the authors show how the First Schleswig War between Denmark and Germany from 1848 to 1852, a military conflict in southern Denmark and northern Germany rooted in the Schleswig-Holstein Question, became nearly a war of Scandinavian unification. Part of this conflict were a disputed succession, a clash of Danish and German nationalism, and a threat to the international  balance of power.

Publisher Information

 

Rasmus Glentjhøj and Morten Nordhagen

SCANDINAVIA AND BISMARCK

The Zenith of  Scandinavianism

2024

In this second volume the authors explore how Scandinavianism strongly influenced leading political decision-makers in the 1850s, after the defeat of Denmark in the First Schleswig War between Denmark and Germany from 1848 to 1852. They show how a united Scandinavia was considered a viable option by European political leaders like Bismarck, Napoleon III, and Queen Victoria. The book accounts for how this conflict was nearly a Scandinavian war of unification.

Publisher Information

David A. Bell and Colin Jones (editors)

FRENCH REVOLUTIONARY LIVES

2024

Historians have long used biography and life narratives as a means of understanding the French Revolution. At the current moment, many of the most creative such studies are focusing on relatively minor revolutionary figures. Such work, which combines the techniques of classic biography and microhistory, reveals how the great political, social, cultural and religious transformations of the revolutionary era were refracted through the prism of individual experience. These studies, themselves often grounded in the history of emotions, resist the ‘biographical illusion’ that an individual’s essence can be inferred unproblematically from their words and actions. By focusing on individual life stories in their own right and insisting on the slipperiness of individual identity, this book explores emergent forms of subjectivity.

Publisher Information

 

 

Lorenzo Cuccoli

THE TECHNICAL CORPS BETWEEN FRANCE AND ITALY, 1750-1814

2024

This book provides the first comprehensive study of the technical corps during the Napoleonic Era, both in France and in Italy. These corps, which possessed advanced schooling and nurtured meritocratic practices even in the Ancien Regime, came to the forefront with the French Revolution, due to the increase in prestige of both scientists and the military. Notwithstanding the key roles played by well-known figures such as Lazare Carnot and Napoleon Bonaparte, the historiography has not fully explored either the culture that produced them, or the impact this had in France and in Napoleonic Europe, or their far-reaching legacy. The modern paradigms of technocracy and meritocracy in fact have their origin in these corps.

Publisher Information